Sec. 316.5 Residence in the United States.
(a) General . Unless otherwise specified, for purposes of this chapter, including Sec. 316.2 (a)(3), (a)(5), and (a)(6), an alien’s residence is the same as that alien’s domicile, or principal actual dwelling place, without regard to the alien’s intent, and the duration of an alien’s residence in a particular location is measured from the moment the alien first establishes residence in that location.
(5) Residence during absences of less than one year.
(i) An applicant’s residence during any absence of less than one year shall continue to be the State or Service district where the applicant last resided at the time of the applicant’s departure abroad.
(ii) Return to the United States. If, upon returning to the United States, an applicant returns to the State or Service district where the applicant last resided, the applicant will have complied with the continuous residence requirement specified in § 316.2(a)(5) when at least three months have elapsed, including any part of the applicant’s absence, from the date on which the applicant first established that residence. If the applicant establishes residence in a State or Service district other than the one in which he or she last resided, the applicant must complete three months at that new residence to be eligible for naturalization.
(c) Disruption of continuity of residence
(1) Absence from the United States .
(i) For continuous periods of between six (6) months and one (1) year. Absences from the United States for continuous periods of between six (6) months and one (1) year during the periods for which continuous residence is required under § 316.2(a)(3) ](http://www.uscis.gov/ilink/docView/SLB/HTML/SLB/0-0-0-1/0-0-0-11185/0-0-0-30650/0-0-0-30665.html#0-0-0-19459)and (a)(6) ](http://www.uscis.gov/ilink/docView/SLB/HTML/SLB/0-0-0-1/0-0-0-11185/0-0-0-30650/0-0-0-30665.html#0-0-0-19465)shall disrupt the continuity of such residence for purposes of this part unless the applicant can establish otherwise to the satisfaction of the Service. This finding remains valid even if the applicant did not apply for or otherwise request a nonresident classification for tax purposes, did not document an abandonment of lawful permanent resident status, and is still considered a lawful permanent resident under immigration laws. The types of documentation which may establish that the applicant did not dis rupt the continuity of his or her residence in the United States during an extended absence include, but are not limited to, evidence that during the absence: (Amended 9/24/93; 58 FR 49913)
(A) The applicant did not terminate his or her employment in the United States;
(B) The applicant’s immediate family remained in the United States;
(C) The applicant retained full access to his or her United States abode; or
(D) The applicant did not obtain employment while abroad.
(ii) For period in excess of one (1) year. Unless an applicant applies for benefits in accordance with § 316.5(d) ](http://www.uscis.gov/ilink/docView/SLB/HTML/SLB/0-0-0-1/0-0-0-11185/0-0-0-30650/0-0-0-30706.html#0-0-0-19531), absences from the United States for a continuous period of one (1) year or more during the period for which continuous residence is required under § 316.2(a)(3) ](http://www.uscis.gov/ilink/docView/SLB/HTML/SLB/0-0-0-1/0-0-0-11185/0-0-0-30650/0-0-0-30665.html#0-0-0-19459)and (a)(5) shall disrupt the continuity of the applicant’s residence. An applicant described in this paragraph who must satisfy a five-year statutory residence period may file an application for naturalization four years and one day following the date of the applicant’s return to the United States to resume permanent residence. An applicant described in this paragraph who must satisfy a three-year statutory residence period may file an application for naturalization two years and one day following the da te of the applicant’s return to the United States to resume permanent residence. (Amended 9/24/93; 58 FR 49913)
(2) Claim of nonresident alien status for income tax purposes after lawful admission as a permanent resident . An applicant who is a lawfully admitted permanent resident of the United States, but who voluntarily claims nonresident alien status to qualify for special exemptions from income tax liability, or fails to file either federal or state income tax returns because he or she considers himself or herself to be a nonresident alien, raises a rebuttable presumption that the applicant has relinquished the privileges of permanent resident status in the United States. (Revised 2/3/95; 60 FR 6647)
(3) Removal and return . Any departure from the United States while under an order of removal (including previously issued orders of exclusion or deportation) terminates the applicant’s status as a lawful permanent resident and, therefore, disrupts the continuity of residence for purposes of this part. (Revised effective 4/1/97; 62 FR 10312 )
(4) Readmission after a deferred inspection or exclusion proceeding . An applicant who has been readmitted as a lawful permanent resident after a deferred inspection or by the immigration judge during exclusion proceedings shall satisfy the residence and physical presence requirements under Sec. 316.2(a)(3), (a)(4), (a)(5), and (a)(6) in the same manner as any other applicant for naturalization.
(d) Application for benefits with respect to absences; appeal .
(1) Preservation of residence under Section 316(b) of the Act .
(i) An application for the residence benefits under section 316(b) of the Act to cover an absence from the United States for a continuous period of one year or more shall be submitted to the Service on Form N-470 with the required fee, in accordance with the form’s instructions. The application may be filed either before or after the applicant’s employment commences, but must be filed before the applicant has been absent from the United States for a continuous period of one year.
(ii) An approval of Form N-470 under Section 316(b) of the Act shall cover the spouse and dependent unmarried sons and daughters of the applicant who are residing abroad as members of the applicant’s household during the period covered by the application. The notice of approval, Form N-472, shall identify the family members so covered.
(iii) An applicant whose Form N-470 application under Section 316(b) of the Act has been approved, but who voluntarily claims nonresident alien status to qualify for special exemptions from income tax liability, raises a rebuttable presumption that the applicant has relinquished a claim of having retained lawful permanent resident status while abroad. The applicant’s family members who were covered under Section 316(b) of the Act and who were listed on the applicant’s Form N-472 will also be subject to the rebu ttable presumption that they have relinquished their claims to lawful permanent resident status.
(2) Preservation of residence under Section 317 of the Act . An application for the residence and physical presence benefits of Section 317 of the Act to cover any absences from the United States, whether before or after December 24, 1952, shall be submitted to the Service on Form N-470 with the required fee, in accordance with the form’s instructions. The application may be filed either before or after the applicant’s absence from the United States or the performance of the functions or services described in Section 317 of the Act.
(3) Approval, denial, and appeal . The applicant under paragraphs (d)(1) or (d)(2) of this section shall be notified of the Service’s disposition of the application on Form N-472. If the application is denied, the Service shall specify the reasons for the denial, and shall inform the applicant of the right to appeal in accordance with the provisions of part 103 of this chapter.
